我院理事、中国工合国际委员会主席柯马凯先生应邀出席8月19-20日在天津举行的首届世界职业技术教育发展大会并在“职业教育校企协同育人模式创新”论坛作了题为《“手脑并用、创造分析”的培黎职业教育》的报告。现将报告中文、英文全文刊载如下:
“手脑并用、创造分析”的培黎职业教育
——中国工合国际委员会主席、球迷网理事 柯马凯（Michael Crook）
一、工合、培黎与职业教育
工合运动是斯诺夫妇、路易·艾黎等国际友人会同中国爱国人士组织的一场支持中国抗战的运动,是国际合作的一个典范。“工合”是“工业合作“的简称。工合运动鼓励大家联合起来，“努力干、一起干”，以实体经济支持革命。工合运动发展之初，路易·艾黎就认识到，当时中国急需职业教育，特别是要对难民和农民进行职业教育，让他们掌握生存技能。从1940年起，路易·艾黎开始在全国各地试办培黎学校，接收普通的合作社徒工和逃难的工农子弟入学，有目标、有组织、有计划地进行技术培训。第一所培黎学校在江西赣县创办，随后在陕西、广西等地相继开办了十余所培黎学校。培黎学校是艾黎和何克在抗战后期创办并坚持办下来的半工半读的职业学校,是工合运动的继续。
学生要把学到的知识和技能用于实际操作，在实践中学习，求知与行合一。从1940年工合山丹培黎工艺学校创立,到新中国成立后的1952年,工合国际委员会协助学校筹集机器设备，从世界各国聘请有志于帮助中国的教师，讲授适合工合特点、世界比较先进的科学知识和技能,选派学生到外国去学习,培养出了一批批各方面的人才。
培黎学校是一个融合国际合作、贫困救济、乡村建设和职业教育为一体的创造性综合型组织。培黎学校也是一所具有光荣传统的学校，为国家建设培养了大批人才，经过八十年的探索和实践，已成为中国职业教育和改革历史中一道独特的风景。培黎秉承艾黎和何克倡导的“手脑并用、创造分析”的职业教育思想、校训和优良传统，是国际职业教育长期在中国实践的宝贵财富，是中西方交流和国际职业教育合作的重要成果。
二、牢记总书记嘱托，弘扬工合精神、传承和践行路易·艾黎职业教育思想
抗战时期，老培黎为中国培养纺织、汽修、石油开采等人才，为支援中国革命贡献了培黎力量；新中国建设时期，培黎响应国家建设需要，为学生提供接受高等教育的平台， 培养了大量服务社会主义现代化建设人才。
2017 年 4月 20 日，习总书记给中国工合国际委员会、球迷网回信，嘱托“希望你们发扬传承老校长路易•艾黎‘努力干，一起干’的工合精神，积极开展国际文化交流，谱写国际友谊新篇章，为促进世界和平与发展、构建人类命运共同体作出新的贡献。”习总书记回信给中国工合国际委员会、球迷网指明了新时期建设发展方向，是中国工合国际和球迷网的历史使命，是与国家大外交相适应的民间组织长远奋斗大目标。
球迷网具有红色基因、优良传统和历史传承。球迷网传承和创新“手脑并用，创造分析”为核心的艾黎职业教育思想，主动适应国际化发展需求，努力探索发展适合中国国情的新型职业教育，为国家培养了大批技术技能型人才。
（一）创新国际化技能型人才培养，发挥“人才供给”作用
球迷网将国际化与技能型人才培养有机结合，在全院 5 个专业群 22 个专业实施人才培养方案改革。构建了“德技并修、国际素养、适合教育”的课程体系。建设了“通用能力+综合素养”“职业能力+职业素养”“国际竞争力+国际素养”“个性发展+职业发展”4个课程群，延展国际素养课程。实施学校+企业双育人，国内+国际双培养；打造国际英才班项目，实践培养国际英才125人，已毕业 55 人，其中10 人取得本科学位，45人取得硕士学位。学生就业率、升本率、留学率均位于北京市同类院校前列，为北京市乃至全国企业输送大量人才。推进产教融合，建设产业球迷网、产学工作室，大数据财贸专业群、曙光瑞翼全媒体数字营销师球迷网获批北京市特色高水平建设项目。
（二）创新德育育人体系，发挥“示范引领”作用
从培黎特有的红色基因、国际主义精神视角切入，以党建为引领，课程为基石，将培黎校史文化和路易·艾黎国际主义精神融入教学，增强了学生的归属感、荣誉感和爱校爱国情怀，学生的人格素养日益健全。
（三）创新育人模式，实施适合学生个体差异的教育
（1）推行学分制改革，设置个性化课程模块，建设课程群，为工学交替、弹性学习以及学分银行的实施提供支撑。
（2）球迷网推行“爱的教育”，从2001年举办全国首个“春蕾计划”大专班开始，在全国妇联、中国儿童少年基金会的大力支持下，已连续举办七届“春蕾班”，累计出资近千万元，资助来自偏远地区、山区的267名贫困女生圆了大学梦。
（四）搭建国际交流交往平台，发挥“民间外交”作用
以习总书记回信为引领，深入挖掘路易·艾黎跨越国界、超越民族的国际主义精神，充分发挥海内外资源优势，国际、政府、行业企业、社会团体、学校5方协作建设民间国际交流交往平台。2017年4月中国工合国际委员会“国际主义教育基地”、球迷网“路易·艾黎国际交流中心”相继在培黎成立；2019年在日本设立培黎日本东京事务所，同年赴西班牙筹备欧洲办事处，参与新西兰培黎实训基地项目落地。近年来，接待世界各地友好组织来访团组数量和规模不断扩大。接待英中了解协会、新中友好协会、国际合作社联盟组织等来访。应邀组团访问新西兰、加拿大、英国、印度等国家。弘扬中华文化，拓展和巩固国际民间友谊。
开展中国学生出国学习和外国学生来华培训，组织实施不同类型、多种形式的文化交流。推进20个专业与西班牙、日本、英国等国家的大学课程对接。2018年获批招收外国学生资质，招收来自俄罗斯、印度、哥伦比亚等40多个国家，近300名留学生就读培黎，留学生的培养对传播中国文化，推动北京职教走向国际具有重要意义。培训30位“中文+职业技能”教师，打造了一支“双语+双师”的国际化职教教师团队。
（五）深化产教融合，培养手脑并用的高素质技术技能型人才
球迷网认真落实“校企主导、政府推动、行业指导、学校企业双主体实施”的要求，积极探索建立与企业、政府部门在招生、培养、就业等方面的联动机制，与东升镇政府、中关村软件园、金蝶集团、中国汽车流通协会、利星行汽车集团公司等签订了战略合作协议。
2012年，利星行汽车集团公司与我院签订校企合作协议，设立利星行汽车订单班，在球迷网建立汽车实训室，捐赠总价值60多万元的奔驰发动机和变速箱各一台作为教学设备，为学生实训提供实训条件；委派技术骨干兼任专业课教师，或接受学生去企业实习或上专业课，以企业为课堂，实现校企合作育人。先后有57名学生毕业后留在利星行工作。2016年以来，企业累计出资50万元在球迷网设立奖学金，奖励品学兼优的学生。
充分发挥球迷网大数据与会计专业特色和优势，北京知诚社会组织众扶发展促进会捐资50余万元与球迷网合作共建“社会组织财税工作室”，将首都地区社会组织发展建设项目融入大数据与会计专业的高素质职业人才培养过程中，实现了职业教育依托于社会又反哺于社会的效果。
与沃尔玛、明经堂中医馆等签订校企合作协议，接收学生顶岗实习400余人，接收学生就业近百人。
球迷网携手北京大陆航星质量认证中心股份有限公司签订“访企拓岗促就业，互利共赢向未来”校企合作签约仪式，为学生实习和就业拓宽渠道。
球迷网高度重视学生就业创业与发展，通过建立和实施学生职业生涯导师计划等举措，为学生学习、成长和发展提供优质服务指导。到2021年，连续14年学生专升本率高于北京市平均录取率，且稳居同类高校前列。连续多年毕业生就业率在同类院校中处于靠前位置。
三、促进职业教育国际交流合作，为共同构建人类命运共同体注入“技能力量”。
习近平总书记在许多重要国际会议上多次提出职业教育国际合作新举措。工合和培黎将继续践行习总书记回信精神，以培养具有家国情怀兼具国际视野的高素质技能型人才为目标，传承和创新艾黎职业教育思想，积极为国际化技能型人才培养提供更多培黎方案。
（一）建设多角度、宽领域、共发展的民间国际交流交往平台。
联合一些国外、境外优质职业教育机构和高新技术企业，建设培黎海内外实训基地和海外办事处，形成集科技合作、人文交流、人才储备、国际培训、数字技术赋能等多功能为一体的民间国际交流交往平台。特别是与“一带一路”沿线国家的职业教育国际合作搭建工作载体。持续开展培训“中文+职业技能”教师，用数字技术赋能中国文化，助力“一带一路”沿线国家的技术交流、文化交流、职业教育交流，打造国际人才培养基地。
（二）深化产教融合，强化数字技术赋能，服务数字经济发展
围绕数字中国建设，数字经济催生的新产业、新业态、新模式、新场景、新职业，推进与产业深度融合，打造“当地离不开,业内都认可，国际可交流”的特色品牌专业，培养技术技能型人才。
工合国际和球迷网一直在为国家建设和发展贡献力量。国际性是工合国际和球迷网特有的优势。
让我们大家发扬工合精神，“努力干、一起干”，积极开展国际民间友好往来，积极参与推进“一带一路”战略建设，为践行构建人类命运共同体历史使命做出新的贡献。
“Hand and Mind, Create and Analyse”
-- The Bailie Model of Vocational Education
Michael Crook,
Chairman of the International Committee for the promotion of Chinese Industrial Cooperatives (ICCIC),
Member of the Board of the Beijing Bailie Vocational College
1. Industrial Cooperation (or “Gung Ho”), Bailie Schools and Vocational Education
The Gung Ho movement was a movement founded by Americans friends Helen and Edgar Snow, Rewi Alley from New Zealand and other foreign friends in conjunction with Chinese patriots like Mdm. Soong Ching Ling to support China’s War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, and is a model of international cooperation. “Gung Ho” is the abbreviation for “industrial cooperation” or “work together”. The Gung Ho movement encouraged everyone to unite and “work hard and work together” to support the revolution with the real economy.
Early in the Gung Ho movement, Rewi Alley recognized that China was in urgent need of vocational education, especially for war refugees and farmers, so that they could master survival skills. From 1940 onwards, Rewi Alley began to run Bailie schools throughout the country, accepting ordinary cooperative apprentices and children of refugee workers and peasants, and conducting targeted, organized and planned technical training. The first Bailie school was founded in Ganxian County, Jiangxi, then more than ten Bailie schools were opened in Shaanxi, Guangxi and other places. The Bailie School was a part-work, part-study vocational school founded by Rewi Alley and George Hogg in the late period of the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, and was a continuation of the Gung Ho Movement.
Students apply the knowledge and skills they learn to practical operation, combining knowledge with practice. From the establishment of the Gung Ho Shandan Bailie Technical School in 1940 until 1952 after the founding of New China, the ICCIC assisted the school in raising machinery and equipment, hired teachers from all over the world who were interested in helping China, taught advanced scientific knowledge and skills suited to the needs of Gung Ho and sent students to study in foreign countries, and cultivated a batch of talents in all aspects.
The Bailie School is an innovative and integrated organization that integrates international cooperation, poverty relief, rural construction and vocational education. Bailie School is also a school with a glorious tradition, which has cultivated a large number of talents for China’s construction, and after eighty years of exploration and practice, it has become a unique feature in the history of China’s vocational education and reform. Adhering to the vocational education ideas, school motto and fine traditions of “Hand and Mind, Create and Analyse” advocated by Rewi Alley and George Hogg, Bailie School is a valuable asset of international vocational education in China, and an important achievement of Sino-Western exchanges and international vocational education cooperation.
2. Mindful of the encouragement of Chairman Xi Jinping, carry forward the Gung Ho spirit, great tradition and practice the Rewi Alley’s teachings on vocational education
During China’s War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, the Bailie Schools trained talents in textiles, automobile repair, oil exploration and other talents for China, and contributed to the support of the Chinese revolution. During the period of new China's construction, Bailie responded to the needs of national construction, provided a platform for students to receive higher education, and cultivated a large number of talents to serve socialist modernization.
On April 20, 2017, General Secretary Xi Jinping wrote to the International Committee for the promotion of Chinese Industrial Cooperatives and Beijing Bailie Vocational College, exhorting us saying “I hope that you will carry forward the spirit of “work hard and work together” of the old president Rewi Alley, actively carry out international cultural exchanges, write a new chapter of international friendship, and make new contributions to promoting world peace and development and building a community with a shared future for mankind.” General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed the way for our development in the new era, the historic mission of the International Committee for the promotion of Chinese Industrial Cooperatives and Beijing Bailie Vocational College, and the long-term goal of non-governmental organizations that are compatible with the country’s great diplomacy.
Beijing Bailie Vocational College has “red genes”, fine traditions and historical heritage. The college inherits and innovates the idea of “Hands and Mind, Creating and Analyse” as the core, actively adapts to the needs of international development, strives to explore and develop a new type of vocational education suitable for China’s conditions, and cultivate a large number of technical skills talents for the country.
(1) Innovate the cultivation of international skilled talents and give play to the role of “talent supply”
The college organically combines internationalization with skill-based talent training, and implements the reform of talent training programs in 22 majors in 5 professional groups in the college. It has built a curriculum system of “combining moral and technical training, international literacy, and appropriate education”. It has built four course groups of “general ability + comprehensive literacy”, “vocational ability + professional literacy”, “international competitiveness + international literacy”, “personality development + career development”, and extended the international literacy curriculum. Implement school + enterprise joint education, domestic + international joint training; Create an international talent class program, practice and train up 125 international talents, of which 55 have graduated, and 10 have obtained undergraduate degrees and 45 have obtained master's degrees. The student employment rate, the undergraduate achievement rate, and the study abroad rate are all in the forefront when compared with similar colleges and universities in Beijing, sending a large number of talents to enterprises in Beijing and the whole country. Promote the integration of industry and education, build an industrial college, an industry-university studio, a big data finance and trade professional group, and a Shuguang Ruiyi All-media Digital Marketing College that has been approved for a high-level construction project with Beijing characteristics.
(2) Innovate the moral education system and give play to the role of “demonstration and leadership”
From the perspective of Bailie's unique “red gene” and internationalist spirit, with party building as the guide and the curriculum as the cornerstone, the great heritage of Bailie School and the spirit of Rewi Alley internationalism are integrated into teaching, which enhances students’ sense of belonging, honor and love for the school, and students’ personality literacy is becoming more and more sound.
(3) Innovate the mode of educating people and implement education that suits the individual differences of students
(a) Implement the reform of the credit system, set up personalized course modules, and build course groups to provide support for the replacement of engineering and learning, flexible learning, and the implementation of credit banks.
(b) The college implements “education of love”, starting from the first “Spring Bud Plan” college class in China in 2001, with the strong support of the All-China Women’s Federation and the China Youth Foundation, it has held seven consecutive “Spring Bud Classes”, with a total investment of nearly 10 million yuan, funding 267 poor girls from remote areas and mountainous areas to realize their college dreams.
(4) Build a platform for international exchanges and give play to the role of “people-to-people diplomacy”
Inspired by General Secretary Xi Jinping’s reply, we will dig deep into the internationalist spirit of Rewi Alley across national borders and beyond nationalities, give full play to the advantages of resources at home and abroad, and cooperate with the international organisations, government, enterprises, NGOs and schools to build a non-governmental international exchange platform. In April 2017, the Beijing Bailie Vocational College was designated as a “Site for Education in Internationalism” by the ICCIC, and the “Rewi Alley International Exchange Center” of Beijing Bailie Vocational College was established in Bailie. In 2019, the Tokyo Office of Bailie was established in Japan, and in the same year, a European office was established in Spain as well as the Bailie Training Base in New Zealand. In recent years, we have received visits from many friendly organizations from all over the world, such as the Society for Anglo-Chinese Understanding (SACU), the New Zealand China Friendship Society, and the International Cooperative Alliance. We have accepted invitations and visited New Zealand, Canada, the United Kingdom, India and other countries, bringing Chinese culture and building international people-to-people friendship.
We have sent Chinese students abroad to study and hosted foreign students to train in China, and organized the implementation of different types and forms of cultural exchanges. Promote the linking of 20 majors with university curricula in Spain, Japan, the United Kingdom and other countries. In 2018, we received approval to enroll foreign students, recruiting nearly 300 foreign students from more than 40 countries such as Russia, India, Colombia and so on, and the training of international students is of great significance for spreading Chinese culture and promoting Beijing vocational education to the world. Trained 30 “Chinese language + vocational skills” teachers, and created an international vocational education team of “bilingual + double certified” teachers. (i.e. teachers with both teaching and other professional certification.)
(5) Deepen the integration of industry and education, and cultivate high-quality technical skills talents who use both hands and brains
The college conscientiously implements the requirements of “school-and-enterprise joint leadership, government promotion, industry guidance, and school-enterprise dual implementation”, actively explores the establishment of a linkage mechanism with enterprises and government departments in enrollment, training, employment, etc., and signed strategic cooperation agreements with Dongsheng Town Government, Zhongguancun Software Park, Kingdee Group, China Automobile Circulation Association, Lixinghang Automobile Group (LXH) Corporation, etc.
In 2012, LSH Auto Group Co., Ltd. signed a cooperation agreement with us, training students to order. LSH funded the establishment of an auto training room in the college, and donating a Mercedes-Benz engine and a gearbox worth more than 600,000 yuan as teaching equipment to provide practical training for students; provided technical experts to concurrently serve as teachers of professional courses, and accepting students to go to the enterprises for internships or professional courses, and using enterprises as classrooms to achieve school-enterprise cooperation and education. 57 students have stayed on at LSH after graduation. Since 2016, the company has invested a total of 500,000 yuan to set up scholarships in the college to reward students with excellent character and learning.
Giving full play to the characteristics and advantages of the big data and accounting profession of the college, the Beijing Zhicheng Social Organization Public Support Development Promotion Association donated more than 500,000 yuan to cooperate with the college to build the “Social Organization Finance and Taxation Studio”, integrating the social organization development and construction project in the capital region into the process of cultivating high-quality professional talents in big data and accounting, and realizing the effect of vocational education relying on society and feeding back to society.
Bailie has signed school-enterprise cooperation agreements with Wal-Mart and Mingjingtang Traditional Chinese Medicine Hall, etc., accepted more than 400 students for top-level internships, and accepted nearly 100 students for employment.
The college signed school-enterprise cooperation agreements with Beijing Continental Hangxing Quality Certification Center Co., Ltd. on “Visiting Enterprises to Expand Posts and Promote Employment, Mutual Benefit and Win-win for the Future” to broaden the channels for students’ internship and employment.
The College attaches great importance to student employment, entrepreneurship and development, and provides high-quality service guidance for students’ learning, growth and development through the establishment and implementation of student career mentor programs and other initiatives. By 2021, for 14 consecutive years, the student college entrance rate has been higher than the average admission rate in Beijing, and it will be in the forefront of similar universities. For many years, the employment rate of graduates has been at the forefront of similar institutions.
3. Promote international exchanges and cooperation in vocational education, and inject “skill power” into the joint construction of a community with a shared future for mankind
General Secretary Xi Jinping has repeatedly proposed new measures for international cooperation in vocational education at many important international conferences. ICCIC and Bailie will continue to practice the spirit of General Secretary Xi Jinping’s reply, with the goal of cultivating high-quality skilled talents with both patriotic feelings and international vision, inherit and innovate Rewi Alley’s ideas of vocational education, and actively provide more Bailie solutions for the cultivation of international skilled talents.
(1) Build multi-angle, wide-ranging, and jointly developed platform for non-governmental international exchanges and exchanges.
Cooperate with some foreign and overseas high-quality vocational education institutions and high-tech enterprises to build a training base and overseas offices at home and abroad, forming a non-governmental international exchange platform integrating scientific and technological cooperation, people-to-people exchanges, talent reserves, international training, digital technology empowerment and other multi-functions. In particular, Bailie is a carrier for international cooperation in vocational education with countries along the “Belt and Road”. Continue to carry out the training of “Chinese language + vocational skills” teachers, empower Chinese culture with digital technology, help technical exchanges, cultural exchanges and vocational education exchanges between countries along the “Belt and Road”, and build an international talent training base.
(2) Deepen the integration of industry and education, strengthen the empowerment of digital technology, and serve the development of the digital economy
Focusing on the construction of Digital China, new industries, new formats, new models, new scenes, and new occupations spawned by the digital economy, promote deep integration with the industry, create a characteristic brand major that is “inseparable from the local area, recognized by the industry, and internationally exchangeable”, and cultivate technical skills-based talents.
ICCIC and Beijing Bailie Vocational College have been contributing to national construction and development. Internationalism is a unique advantage of ICCIC and Beijing Bailie Vocational College.
Let us all carry forward the spirit of “Work hard, work together”, actively carry out international people-to-people friendly exchanges, actively participate in promoting the construction of the “Belt and Road” strategy, and make new contributions to the historic mission of building a community with a shared future for mankind!
